سنجش

سنجش و اندازه گیری در علوم رفتاری

سنجش

سنجش و اندازه گیری در علوم رفتاری

پکیج های مربوط به معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل عاملی را در نرم افزار R

در لینک زیر می توانید پکیج های مربوط به معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل عاملی را در نرم افزار R را مشاهده کنید:

http://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Psychometrics.html

 

 

 

 

Ordinary factor analysis (FA)

Principal component analysis (PCA) can be fitted with prcomp() (based on svd(), preferred) as well as princomp() (based on eigen() for compatibility with S-PLUS).

Additional rotation methods for FA based on gradient projection algorithms

Non-graphical solution to the Cattell scree test.

Some graphical PCA representations

GPArotation

 

nFactors

 

psy

 

GPArotation

nFactors

 

1

general (i.e., latent-variable) SEMs by FIML, and structural equations in observed-variable models by 2SLS

Categorical variables in SEMs

Observed-variables models, including nonlinear simultaneous-equations models

Partial least-squares estimation

Graphical models

sem

polycor

systemfit

pls

gR

SocialSciences

2

path analysis

confirmatory factor analysis

structural equation modeling

growth curve models

lavaan model syntax which allows users to express their models in a compact way and allows for ML, GLS, WLS, robust ML using Satorra-Bentler corrections, and FIML for data with missing values.

meanstructures and multiple groups standardized solutions, fit measures, modification indices

lavaan

3

complex survey structural equation modeling (SEM)

structural equation models (SEM)

factor analysis

Multivariate regression models with latent variables and many other latent variable models while correcting estimates, standard errors, and chi-square-derived fit measures for a complex sampling design.

 clustering, stratification

sampling weights, and

finite population corrections

lavaan.survey

4

structural equation models

censored and dichotomous variables via a probit link formulation

lava

lava.tobit

 

5

structural equation models using partial least squares (PLS)

Segmentation trees in PLS path modeling.

semPLS

plspm

pathmox

6

Monte Carlo simulations

simsem

7

a package of add on functions that can aid in fitting SEMs in R

semTools

8

 path diagrams and visual analysis for outputs of various SEM packages

semPlot

9

tests of difference in fit for mean and covariance structure models

SEMModComp

10

factor analysis based on a genetic algorithm for optimization

This makes it possible to impose a wide range of restrictions on the factor analysis model, whether using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, or a new estimator called semi-exploratory factor analysis (SEFA).

FAiR

11

FA and PCA with supplementary individuals and supplementary quantitative/qualitative variables

Sampling from the posterior for ordinal and mixed factor models

FactoMineR

MCMCpack

 

12

nonlinear PCA (aka categorical PCA)

nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (models of the Gifi-family).

homals

13

Independent component analysis (ICA) 

fastICA

14

robust principal components 

pcaPP

15

parallel analysis of continuous, ordered (including dichotomous/binary as a special case) or mixed type of data associated with a principal components analysis

pcaPA

16

functions such as fa.parallel() and VSS() for estimating the appropriate number of factors/components as well as ICLUST() for item clustering

psych

17

An interface between the EQS software for SEM and R

 REQS

18

estimation of a wide variety of advanced multivariate statistical models

 a library of functions and optimizers that allow you to quickly and flexibly define an SEM model and estimate parameters given observed data.

OpenMX

( link )

19

to automate latent variable model estimation and interpretation using Mplus.

MplusAutomation

20

 

 

پکیج های مربوط به Correspondence Analysis در نرم افزار R

در لینک زیر می توانید پکیج های مربوط به Correspondence Analysis را در نرم افزار را مشاهده کنید:

http://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Psychometrics.html

 

 

 

 

 

comprises two parts, one for simple correspondence analysis and one for multiple and joint correspondence analysis. Within each part, functions for computation, summaries and visualization in two and three dimensions are provided, including options to display supplementary points and perform subset analyses

ca

1

Correspondence Analysis (CA)

Simple and canonical CA

 different scaling methods such as standard scaling, Benzecri scaling, centroid scaling, and Goodman scaling

two- and three-dimensional joint plots including confidence ellipsoids

 alternative plotting possibilities in terms of transformation plots, Benzecri plots, and regression plots

anacor

2

 interactive Biplots

 

                               

 BiplotGUI

3

Homogeneity analysis aka multiple CA and various Gifi extensions

Hull plots, span plots, Voronoi plots, star plots, projection plots

homals

4

Simple and multiple correspondence analysis 

MASS

5

functions covering, e.g., principal components, simple and multiple, fuzzy, non-symmetric, and decentered correspondence analysis

ade4

6

predictive and symmetric co-correspondence analysis (CoCA) models

cocorresp

7

several factor analytic methods

CA including supplementary row and/or column points and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) with supplementary individuals, supplementary quantitative variables and supplementary qualitative variables

FactoMineR

8

basic ordination methods, including non-metric multidimensional scaling

The constrained ordination methods include constrained analysis of proximities, redundancy analysis, and constrained (canonical) and partially constrained correspondence analysis

vegan

9

SVD based multivariate exploratory methods such as PCA, CA, MCA (as well as a Hellinger form of CA)

ExPosition

10

 

 

پکیج های مربوط به نظریه سوال-پاسخ در نرم افزار R

در لینک زیر می توانید پکیج های مربوط به نظریه سوال-پاسخ در نرم افزار را مشاهده کنید:

http://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Psychometrics.html

 

 

 

 

 

extended Rasch models, i.e.

the ordinary Rasch model for dichotomous data (RM),

the linear logistic test model (LLTM),

the rating scale model (RSM) and its linear extension (LRSM),

the partial credit model (PCM) and its linear extension (LPCM) using conditional ML estimation

eRm

1

Item Response Theory (IRT):

simple RM

functions for estimating Birnbaum's 2- and 3-parameter models based on a marginal ML approach

graded response model for polytomous data

linear multidimensional logistic model

ltm

2

unidimensional and multidimensional item response models

multifaceted models

latent regression models

drawing plausible values.

TAM

3

analysis of dichotomous and polytomous response data using unidimensional and multidimensional latent trait models under the IRT paradigm Exploratory and confirmatory models with quadrature (EM) or stochastic (MHRM) methods Confirmatory bi-factor and two-tier analyses for modeling item testlets

 Multiple group analysis and mixed effects designs for detecting differential item functioning and modelling item and person covariates.

mirt

4

functions for Nominal Response Model and the Nested Logit Model for multiple-choice items and other polytomous response formats.

uni- and multidimensional item response models (especially for locally dependent item responses) and some exploratory methods (DETECT, LSDM, model-based reliability) in sirt

mcIRT

5

multidimensional polytomous Rasch model

Mueller's continuous rating scale model

pcIRT

6

IRT models under (1) multidimensionality assumption, (2) discreteness of latent traits, (3) binary and ordinal polytomous items

MultiLCIRT

7

Conditional maximum likelihood estimation via the EM algorithm and information-criterion-based model selection in binary mixed Rasch models

mixture Rasch models, including the dichotomous Rasch model, the rating scale model, and the partial credit model

mRm

 

psychomix

 

 mixRasch

8

Calibration of item and ability parameters

unidimensional and multidimensional methods such as Mean/Mean, Mean/Sigma, Haebara, and Stocking-Lord methods for dichotomous (1PL, 2PL and 3PL) and/or polytomous (graded response, partial credit/generalized partial credit, nominal, and multiple-choice model) items.

The multidimensional methods include the Reckase-Martineau method and extensions of the Haebara and Stocking-Lord method.

plink

9

direct, chain and average (bisector) equating coefficients with standard errors using Item Response Theory (IRT) methods for dichotomous items

equateIRT

 

  calibrates the parameters for Samejima's Continuous IRT Model via EM algorithm and Maximum Likelihood

compute item fit residual statistics, to draw empirical 3D item category response curves, to draw theoretical 3D item category response curves, and to generate data under the CRM for simulation studies

EstCRM

 

DIF in dichotomously scored items

uniform and non-uniform DIF effects can be detected

difR

 

 

 logistic regression framework for detecting various types of DIF

lordif

 

 penalty approach to DIF in Rasch models with multiple (metric) covariates

DIFlasso

10

functions to perform Raju, van der Linden and Fleer's (1995) Differential Item and Item Functioning analyses

functions to use the Monte Carlo Item Parameter Replication (IPR) approach for obtaining the associated statistical significance tests cut-off points

DFIT

12

computarized adaptive testing using IRT methods.

catR

13

 

maximum likelihood estimates and pseudo-likelihood estimates of parameters of Rasch models for polytomous (or dichotomous) items and multiple (or single) latent traits

Robust standard errors for the pseudo-likelihood estimates

plRasch

 

14

 

multilevel Rasch model

Functions for mixed-effects models with crossed or partially crossed random effects

 Polytomous models

Tree-structured item response models of the GLMM family

lme4,

nlme, MCMCglmm ordinal

lme4

 irtrees 

15

 

Nonparametric IRT analysis

automated item selection algorithm, and various checks of model assumptions

Forward Search for Mokken scale analysis. It detects outliers, it produces several types of diagnostic plots.

mokken

 

fwdmsa

16

 

nonparametric item and option characteristic curves using kernel smoothing.

smoothing bandwidth using cross-validation and a variety of exploratory plotting tools.

KernSmoothIRT

17

 

construction of exact Rasch model tests by generating random zero-one matrices with given marginals.

RaschSampler

18

 

Simple Rasch computations such a simulating data and joint maximum likelihood

MiscPsycho

19

 

 estimate multidimensional subject parameters (MLE and MAP) such as personnal pseudo-guessing, personal fluctuation, personal inattention

assess person fit

identify misfit type

 generate misfitting response patterns

make correction while estimating the proficiency level considering potential misfit at the same time

irtProb

20

 

classification accuracy and consistency under Item Response Theory

only works for 3PL IRT models (or 2PL or 1PL) and only for independent cut scores

cacIRT

21

 

simple common interface to the estimation of item parameters in IRT models for binary responses with three different programs (ICL, BILOG-MG, and ltm, and a variety of functions useful with IRT models.

irtoys

22

 

cognitive diagnosis models (DINA, DINO, GDINA, RRUM, LCDM, pGDINA, mcDINA)

general diagnostic model (GDM)

structured latent class analysis (SLCA)

CDM

23

 

Gaussian ordination, related to logistic IRT Maximum likelihood estimation through canonical correspondence analysis

VGAM

24

 

multilevel IRT models

  joint hierarchically built up likelihood for estimating a two-parameter normal ogive model for responses and a log-normal model for response times

mlirt

cirt

 

25

 

Bayesian approaches for estimating item and person parameters by means of Gibbs-Sampling

Bayesian IRT and roll call analysis

MCMCpack

pscl

 

26

 

commands to drive the dot program from graphviz to produce a graph useful in deciding whether a set of binary items might have a latent scale with non-crossing ICCs.

latdiag

27

 

to factor out logic and math common to IRT fitting, diagnostics, and analysis

 

rpf

 

28

 

examine classification accuracy and consistency under IRT models

classify

29

 

graphical tools for plotting item-person maps

WrightMap

30